Introduction About H1N1 Virus Signs and Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Complications Prevention Specific Groups
Complications

Spectrum of illness is not yet known completely for this novel influenza A infection. Complications are expected to be similar to seasonal influenza such as:
  • Exacerbation of underlying chronic medical conditions
  • Upper respiratory tract disease - sinusitis, otitis media, croup
  • Lower respiratory tract disease - pneumonia, bronchiolitis, status asthmaticus
  • Cardiac - myocarditis, pericarditis
  • Musculoskeletal - myositis, rhabdomyolysis
  • Neurologic - acute and post-infectious encephalopathy encephalitis
  • Toxic shock syndrome
  • Secondary bacterial pneumonia with or without sepsis. 18
  • Neurologic complications with seizures in children hospitalised with H1N1 were reported to CDC. 19
Higher Risk Groups for Severe H1N1 Illness
Due to insufficient data available, it is believed that people who are at higher risk for seasonal influenza complications are to be at higher risk for swine- influenza complications

Groups at higher risk for seasonal influenza complications include:
  • Children less than 5 years old;
  • Persons aged 65 years or older; (Uncertain)
  • Children and adolescents (less than 18 years) who are receiving long-term aspirin therapy and who might be at risk for experiencing Reye syndrome after influenza virus infection;
  • Pregnant women;
  • Adults and children with chronic pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic, hematological, neurologic, neuromuscular, or metabolic disorders;
  • Adults and children with immunosuppression (including immunosuppression caused by medications or by HIV);
  • Residents of nursing homes and other chronic-care facilities. 20


Emergency Warning Signs
Signs and symptoms that indicate the need for urgent medical attention include:

In children-

  • Fast breathing or trouble breathing
  • Bluish skin color
  • Not drinking enough fluids
  • Not waking up or not interacting
  • Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held
  • Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough
  • Fever with a rash

In adults-

  • Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
  • Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
  • Sudden dizziness
  • Confusion
  • Severe or persistent vomiting 21
Swine Flu Tutorial
Boost YourImmune for Swine Flu
mario-cazzola

Prof. Mario Cazzola

Expert Opinion
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Giovanni Rezza

Prof. Giovanni Rezza

Director
Department of Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health

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Marc Miravitlles

Marc Miravitlles

Fundacio Clinic. Hospital Clinic
Barcelona, Spain

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